elbow是什么意思啊？

elbow 英 [?elb??]
美 [?elbo?] 釋義
n.
肘（部）; 彎處 v.
用肘推擠; 擠掉 大小寫變形:Elbow
點擊 人工翻譯，了解更多 人工釋義 詞態(tài)變化
復數(shù): elbows;
第三人稱單數(shù): elbows;
過去式: elbowed;
過去分詞: elbowed;
現(xiàn)在分詞: elbowing; 實用場景例句
全部
肘部
彎頭
扶手
彎管
用肘推擠
用手肘推開 She jabbed him with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘捅他。 牛津詞典
He's fractured his elbow. 他肘部骨折。
牛津詞典 The jacket was worn at the elbows.
這件夾克衫的肘部磨破了。 牛津詞典
She elbowed me out of the way to get to the front of the line. 她用肘部把我推開朝隊伍前面擠。
牛津詞典 He elbowed his way through the crowd.
他用手肘從人群中擠了過去。 牛津詞典
Environmental concerns will elbow their way right to the top of the agenda. 環(huán)境問題將擠到議事日程之首。
柯林斯高階英語詞典 Non-state firms gradually elbow aside the inefficient state-owned ones...
非國有企業(yè)逐漸擠掉了效率低下的國有企業(yè)。 柯林斯高階英語詞典
Mr Smith elbowed me in the face... 史密斯先生一肘撞在我臉上
柯林斯高階英語詞典 He slipped and fell, badly bruising an elbow.
他滑倒了，一只胳膊肘嚴重擦傷。 柯林斯高階英語詞典
They also claim that the security team elbowed aside a steward.. 他們還聲稱保安人員將一位乘務員推搡至一邊。
柯林斯高階英語詞典 Don't hyperextend your elbow.
別過分拉伸你的胳膊肘. 期刊摘選
I've worn through the elbow of this old coat at last. 最后我把這件舊外套的肘部磨出了窟窿.
《簡明英漢詞典》 Elbow pads and knee pads are essential on a skateboard.
滑滑板時帶護肘和護膝是必要的. 《簡明英漢詞典》
She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow. 她用手臂挎著一個小包裹.
《簡明英漢詞典》 The wounded soldier levered himself up on his elbow and shouted for help.
那個傷兵用胳膊支起身子,大聲呼救.

elbow怎么讀

elbow
[英]['elb??][美][??l?bo]
n.
肘部；彎頭,扶手；肘形管,彎管
vt.
用肘推擠（另一人或另一些人）；用手肘推開
vi.
用肘推搡著前進；在拐角處轉彎
復數(shù):elbows 第三人稱單數(shù):elbows 過去式:elbowed 過去分詞:elbowed 現(xiàn)在分詞:elbowing
雙語例句
1.
She jabbed him with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘捅他.
2.
She poked him in the ribs with her elbow.
她用胳膊肘頂他的肋部.
3.
I've worn through the elbow of this old coat at last.
最后我把這件舊外套的肘部磨出了窟窿.
4.
Elbow pads and knee pads are essential on a skateboard.
滑滑板時帶護肘和護膝是必要的.
5.
She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.
她用手臂挎著一個小包裹.

請各位高人翻譯

輪上的安全
自行車
1.確保你的自行車是安全的
它正常工作嗎？檢查輪胎，剎車，等
它安裝的合適嗎？你可以兩腳放在地上跨奇，一個過大或者過小的自行車都是安全隱患。
它有鏈子嗎，有燈和反光鏡嗎？
2.遵守所有的信號，信號燈和交通規(guī)則。知道道路通行的信號（停、右轉、左轉），知道轉彎之前怎么轉頭檢查。
其自行車的孩子們要向成年人一樣遵守規(guī)則：道路右側行使，在停車標志處和紅燈時候停車，轉向信號前，讓準備右轉的先行。
3.經常戴合適的頭盔。頭盔可以保護前額以防向前或者向后滑；他應該不動除非頭轉動
線內滑行板，單腳滑行車
1.保護自己防止受傷
帶一個自行車頭盔，護腕，手套，護膝墊和防護衣物（長杉褲）
2.在安全的地方滑行或者騎車
用滾動的滑板，常規(guī)跑場合操場。遠離道路和交通。在好天氣干的路面滑行或騎車。在允許的一邊行。
3.小心你周圍的事務
遠離水，油，垃圾，或者不平坦的道路。經常為人們停下來。小心樓梯和臺階。
4.了解怎么樣倒地可以減少你嚴重受傷的可能
如果你失去平衡，彎曲向滑板，這樣你就不會摔多遠。如果摔了，試著用你身體的肌肉部分著地。
如果你摔倒了，試著滾動，別讓你的胳膊承受力。即使他很困難，在摔倒的時候盡量放松身體，而不要緊繃。

火災逃生方法常識英文

1.火災自救方法英語版 有翻譯
家庭火災應急十要The family of fire emergency ten、初起火易撲滅消防車未前能集全力搶救常能化險夷轉危安At the beginning of the fire, easy to extinguish the fire truck can be set to rescue often can insurance Yi turn dangernot before二、要早報警報警愈早損失愈小牢記119火警電Two, to the post alarm earlier loss is *** aller in the 119 firepower三、要先救火搬運財物片刻延誤易成巨災失火時宜先搶救財物易被咽嗆窒息而死或失去逃生時機Three, the first fire handling property a moment delayeasily into catastrophe fire should go to save the propertyis easy to swallow choking suffocate or lose the escape time四、要沉著冷靜嚴守秩序才能火場安全撤退倘若爭先恐互相擁擠阻塞通道導致自相踐踏會造成應有慘劇Four, to be calm to order to fire safety evacuation if vie witheach other in congested channel self trampling caused due to tragedy五、下樓通道被火封住欲逃無路時被子單、臺布撕成布務結成繩索牢系窗檻再用衣角護住手心順繩滑下Five, the channel is the fire shut down and there is no way to escape when the single, torn cloth quilt cloth provided to form a rope tied window sill and clothes covered hand slide down the rope六、鄰室起火萬勿開門應跳入窗戶陽臺呼喊救援或用前法脫險否則熱氣濃煙乘虛而入使人窒息Six, adjacent room fire don't open the door into the window and balcony should cry for rescue or before the escape orhot *** oke take advantage of a weak point suffocating七、煙霧較濃時必驚慌宜用膝、肘著地匍匐前進因近地處往往殘留清新空氣注意呼吸要小而淺Seven, the *** oke thicker when panic should use knee,elbow to crawl for near earth often residual fresh airattention should be *** all and shallow breathing八、非上樓情況下必須屏住呼吸上樓因濃煙上升速度每秒3—5米而人上樓速度每秒3—5米而人上樓速度每秒0.5米Eight, non upstairs conditions must hold their breath for *** oke rising velocity upstairs at 3 - 5 meters per secondand the people upstairs 3 - 5 meters and the peopleupstairs speed 0.5 meters per second九、逃離時要用濕毛巾掩住口鼻也用房內花瓶、水壺、金魚缸里水打濕衣服、布類等掩住口鼻帶嬰兒逃離時用濕布輕蒙臉上手抱著手著地抓行逃出Nine, fled to use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nosewith real inner vase, kettle, goldfish bowl water wet clothes,cloth, cover your mouth and nose with baby escape with a damp cloth light face to use hands to grasp escape十、逃離前必須先把有火房間門關緊特別住戶多大樓及旅館里采用措施使火焰、濃煙禁錮房間之內致迅速蔓延能本人和大家贏得寶貴時間Ten, fled before the fire room door closed special resident *** uilding and hotel adopts measures to make the flame, *** oke to spread rapidly to imprison the room I and you win valuable time火災逃生術Fire escape operation1.盡能蹲低身體利用所剩余氧氣逃離火場1 try to squat low body using the remaining oxygenescaped from the fire2.盡能向地面逃生若樓梯已被火封鎖則利用繩索或被單連接起來從窗口滑下地面逃生2 try to escape if the ground has been blocked by fire stair *** y ropes or sheets connected from the window down theground escape3.火災時沿墻壁走有樓梯絕使用電梯3 of fire along the walls along the stairs must use the elevator4.帶小孩逃離時利用被單孩子綁背上或抱胸前4 children fled when the children use sheets tied back or hold the chest5.主要逃生道上若有許多人擁擠應另找別逃生通道5 main escape on the road if there are many peoplecrowded should find another don't escape6.女性穿高跟鞋時應立即脫去或換鞋免逃生途摔倒延誤了逃生時機6 women wearing high-heeled shoes should promptlyremove or change a shoe fell free means of escape escapetime delay7.火災時切勿躲屋角或床下圖時之安全樣能葬身火海應鎮(zhèn)靜并用濕毛巾捂住口鼻盡快找尋逃生出口及方法7 do not hide the fire safety or bed below the sample canInferno should be calm and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel as soon as possible to find an exit and method望采納。
2.關于火災的自救小知識（英語）
“三要”—— 1、“要”熟悉自己住所的環(huán)境 2、“要”遇事保持沉著冷靜 3、“要”警惕煙毒的侵害 "Three musts" 1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings. 2. "You must" keep calm at all times. 3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke. “三救”—— 1、選擇逃生通道自“救” 2、結繩下滑“自救” 3、向外界求“救” "Three escapes" 1. Using a fire escape to "escape" 2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping" 3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping" “三不”—— 1、“不”乘普通電梯 2、“不”輕易跳樓 3、“不”貪戀財物 "Three nos" 1. "NO" to elevators. 2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings. 3. "NO" to being greedy.。
3.火災逃生方法（英語）
1)we can use a wet towel, put it in front of our noses and mouthes,it can make the air you breath more fresh. 2)if the fire is not very big ,you can wear a wet sheet（床單）or a wet quilt（被子），than ran away. 3)if it is *** oky , do not open the window at once ,it may bring more oxygen（氧氣），than the fire will be much bigger.。
4.英語學習 誰能給幾個火災自救的方法,用英文寫,感激不盡,一定要
As we know, our country suffered heavy ice early 2011. Everything was covered with freezing rain. Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan suffered the most. It caused the buses, trains and planes stop service. The disaster destroyed power facilities, cutting power supplies in many areas. As a result, huge economic loss was caused. Many people could not work and live normally. There was no food, water or light in some places. Our government called on people to fight against heavy snow. As a student, I think we should learn from those heroes. We must study hard at school. We should learn all kinds of knowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer.
這個是范文，一點錯誤沒有的。下面我再給你幾個雙語的
“三要”——
1、“要”熟悉自己住所的環(huán)境
2、“要”遇事保持沉著冷靜
3、“要”警惕煙毒的侵害 "Three musts"
1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings.
2. "You must" keep calm at all times.
3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke. “三救”——
1、選擇逃生通道自“救”
2、結繩下滑“自救”
3、向外界求“救” "Three escapes"
1. Using a fire escape to "escape"
2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping"
3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping" “三不”——
1、“不”乘普通電梯
2、“不”輕易跳樓
3、“不”貪戀財物 "Three nos"
1. "NO" to elevators.
2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings.
3. "NO" to being greedy.
5.翻譯為英文 火災逃生技巧
“In case of a fire”
“三要”——
1、“要”熟悉自己住所的環(huán)境
2、“要”遇事保持沉著冷靜
3、“要”警惕煙毒的侵害
"Three musts"
1. "You must" be familiar with your surroundings.
2. "You must" keep calm at all times.
3. "You must" keep yourself from breathing in the *** oke.
“三救”——
1、選擇逃生通道自“救”
2、結繩下滑“自救”
3、向外界求“救”
"Three escapes"
1. Using a fire escape to "escape"
2. Using a rope to climb down, "escaping"
3. Asking the outside word for help on "escaping"
“三不”——
1、“不”乘普通電梯
2、“不”輕易跳樓
3、“不”貪戀財物
"Three nos"
1. "NO" to elevators.
2. "NO" to jumping out of buildings.
3. "NO" to being greedy.
6.跪求 防火安全常識 英語作文
People know the dangers of fires. It's good for us to know how to protect us from fire.
Firstly, get a *** oke alarm in the house. It can make a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house immediately in case of emergency.
Secondly, have an escaping plan. Make sure we all know where is the safety exit of your house. In case of fire emergency, everyone should follow the right way to escape.
Last but not least, it is necessary for every family to buy a fire extinguisher, better safe than sorry. And also make sure that every family member know how to use it.
7.用英文：防火知識,救火知識,逃離火場
Fire safety is a ponent of Building Safety. It concerns safety measures to prevent the effects of fires and is the result of proper use of fire protection measures. Some elements include: * Having built a facility in accordance with the version of the local building code that was in effect at the time a building permit was applied for. * Maintaining a facility and conducting oneself in accordance with the provisions of the fire code, from the moment that the building was occupied. This is based on thorough knowledge of the code by the owner and ensuring that the occupants and operators of the building are fully aware of the currently applicable regulations, including supplementary documents that may be applicable, which are referenced in the fire code, such as, as an example, NFPA13 or NFPA96. Examples of such lawful conduct include, but are not limited to, the following: o Not exceeding the maximum occupancy listing for any part of the building (Making sure that an area isn't so full of people that they can't all get out quickly in an emergency). o Maintaining proper fire exits and proper signage of them (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure) o Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers and fire alarms in easily accessible places. o Properly storing/using, and/or banning of flammable materials that may be needed inside the building for storage or operational requirements (such as solvents in spray booths). o Routinely inspecting public buildings for violations, issuing Orders To ply and, potentially, prosecuting or closing buildings that are not in pliance, until the violations are corrected or condemning it in extreme cases. o Installing and maintaining fire alarm control panels for quick detection and warning of fire. o Obtaining and maintaining a plete inventory of firestops. o Ensuring that all spray fireproofing remains undamaged. o Maintaining a high level of training and awareness of occupants and users of the building to avoid obvious mistakes, such as the propping open of fire doors. o Conduct Fire drills at regular intervals throughout the year .And explosion hazards arising from storage, handling, or use of dangerous materials, or from other specific hazardous conditions. The fire code plements the building code. In the event of changes to fire safety provisions within a building, or a change of occupancy, the fire code typically references the building code, which can result in a requirement upon the owner to apply for a building permit to ensure proper review and lawful execution of contemplated changes that can have an effect upon fire safety and/or structural integrity. The building code includes construction requirements to minimise fire spread, enable suppression and detection and to provide for safe and rapid evacuation in the event of a fire. Although both codes address similar issues, the fire code is aimed primarily at preventing fires in the first place, including outside of buildings, and that necessary training and equipment will be on hand and the design basis of the building, which includes a basic plan set out by the architect is not promised. The fire code also addresses inspection and maintenance requirements of various fire protection equipment in order to maintain optimal active fire protection and passive fire protection measures, with the aim of preserving stringent bounding. A typical fire safety code includes administrative sections about the rule-making and enforcement process, and other substantive sections dealing with fire suppression equipment, particular hazards such as containers and transportation for bustible materials, and specific rules for hazardous occupancies, industrial processes, and exhibitions.。
8.跪求 防火安全常識 英語作文
Forest fire is everyone's responsibility Forest as the renewable natural resources and the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem, in the survival and development of mankind history plays an irreplaceable role. The forest has the reputation of lung of the earth, it can greatly absorb carbon dioxide, and constantly create a human and other organi *** s need oxygen. The forest is the oxygen factory, is a dust filter, is a natural reservoir, is a natural air conditioning 。
。 The forest gives us the inexhaustible benefits! The forest is whole countryman economy lasts, fast, healthy development of the foundation, it is in the national economic construction has irreplaceable status and role.The forest and the people's production and life are closely linked, but the forest is facing the threat of fire! Fire can make valuable natural resources e to nothing! Fire can cause people to lose the precious life! The number of human civilization in the fire disappear? How many precious wealth in the fire disappear?Please see the following terrible lesson: in 2004, a town in Fujian province a hill. Because there was a farmer in a field of weeds in burned accidentally cause of forest fires, the affected forest area of 28 hectares, the fire lasted 19 hours, the fire direct cost 26000 yuan! Causing the death of 8 people! In 2006, a state-owned forestry centre for the village because *** oking cause of forest fires. Forest Lawn victimization area of 1000 mu, 4 firefighters died!Forest fires occur due to human factors and natural factors two, wherein, the human factors account for a major proportion of. Human factors are the main field and open up wasteland; field and keep warm by the fire; fire flooding wild beast; field littered cigarette and *** oke. Fire and water have no mercy., is not a joke, there is old saying goes: those who play with fire will burn! One careless move, can bring to the forest crowning calamity to human beings themselves, bring endless grief! People are weak awareness of fire prevention has led to a disastrous consequences!As a pupil of what we can do? I think I should start from our own, strictly abide by the rules for primary school students, not in the wild fire. And to do *** all forest fire propagandist work, into their own village, and protect the forest uncle aunts a, publicity the importance of fire, tell people to forest fire prevention. To help improve people's consciousness of fire prevention. I want to you uncle aunt call: forest fire protection is everyone's responsibility! Prevention of forest fire prevention in!。
9.跪求消防知識
Fire cause person casualties's two main aspects: one is the *** oke gas suffocation, 2 is a flame burns and powerful radiation. As long as it can avoid or reduce the two harm, can protect their safety and limit the damage. Therefore, grasp the gist, save some fire dilemma maybe could acquire second life.1. Fire self-help, always keep your eyes open for escape roadEach person to oneself work, study or living building structure and escapes the path to do to understand somewhat, must be familiar with the structures within the fire control facilities and self-rescue escape method. So, when the fire broke out, won't back's against the wall. When you are in unfamiliar environment, be sure to watch the evacuation passageway and safety exports and stair azimuth, etc. To key time away from the scene as soon as possible.2. Extinguish fire *** all, benefit others and themselvesWhen when there is a fire, if the fire is not big, and who had yet to cause great threat, should make full use of the surrounding fire equipment, such as fire extinguisher, fire hydrant facilities will be *** all fire control and extermination. Don't panic to yell, or buy others scurrying about in disregard and self-centered "glide path", or buy *** all fire had inflicted on lead.3. Caught fire, keep calm speed evacuatedSuddenly faced with *** oke and fire, must keep calm, rapid judgment dangerous place and safe place to escape, decided to evacuate XianDe as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow crowds and mutual crowded, disorderly ran rampant. Only cool, can a good idea.4. The danger, cherish life as soon as possible, mozambican themselvesAt the site, life expensive than money. The danger, escape is heavy, must race against time, remember not money.5. Leave quickly, crawl mo standingIn from the site, when the *** oke and sight is not clear, was choking you are suffocatively e, don't stand walking, should quickly climbed on the ground or squat down, in order to seek escape route.6. Use channel, mo into the elevator go blind alleyWhen there is a fire, besides can use stair safety export outside, still can use the balcony, windowsill buildings, skylight etc climbed the security site, or around BiLeiXian etc。
, along the building structure that in my slide protruding.7. Fireworks besieged, hedge adherence to wiselyWhen escape routes cut and a short time when no rescue, can adopt find or create shelter, adherence to the kind of way. First should meet the doors and Windows, fire securing the doors and Windows, fire open back with wet towel, wet cloth soaked with water chink or blockage covered Windows, then quilt keep water drenching room, prevent fireworks infiltration, adherence to aid.8. Jump to leading cunning, no harm to the bodyHas many people choose to jump off a building fire escape. Jumped to also want to speak skills, jump into lifesaving should as far as possible when jumping or choose to have central air cushion pool, soft rain canopy, meadow direction jump; If possible, try to embrace some quilts, sofa cushion loose items or open big umbrella jumped off the to slow down wallop.9. Fire and oneself, on-site stampedes roll moThe fire fall his clothes on fire, should hurriedly try to take off clothes or on-site roll around, pressure fire-extinguishing seedlings; Can promptly jumped into the water or let a person to water, spray fire-extinguishing agent on more effective.10. The danger, self-help mo forget save othersAnyone find a fire, should call 119 "phone as soon as possible in time to cry for help, fire brigade newspaper. The children and LaoRuoBingCanZhe fire, they I do not have or lost self-help ability, the other people present except self-rescue outside, still should actively salvage they escaped as soon as possible. 火災致人傷亡的兩個主要方面：一是濃煙毒氣窒息，二是火焰的燒傷和強大的熱輻射。只要能避開或降低這兩種危害，就可以保護自身安全，減輕傷害。
因此，多掌握一些火場自救的要訣，困境中也許就能獲得第二次生命。1.火災自救，時刻留意逃生路每個人對自己工作、學習或居住的建筑物的結構及逃生路徑要做到有所了解，要熟悉建筑物內的消防設施及自救逃生的方法。
這樣，火災發(fā)生時，就不會走投無路了。當你處于陌生的環(huán)境時，務必留心疏散通道、安全出口及樓梯方位等，以便關鍵時候能盡快逃離現(xiàn)場。
2.撲滅小火，惠及他人利自身當發(fā)生火災時，如果火勢不大，且尚未對人造成很大威脅時，應充分利用周圍的消防器材，如滅火器、消防栓等設施將小火控制、撲滅。千萬不要驚慌失措地亂叫亂竄，或置他人于不顧而只顧自己“開溜”，或置小火于不顧而釀成大災。
3.突遇火災，保持鎮(zhèn)靜速撤離突然面對濃煙和烈火，一定要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，迅速判斷危險地點和安全地點，。
10.跪求 防火安全常識 英語作文
1.父母、師長要教育兒童養(yǎng)成不玩火的好習慣。
任何單位不得組織未成年人撲救火災。 2.切莫亂扔煙頭和火種。
3.室內裝修裝飾不宜采用易燃可燃材料。 4.消火栓關系公共安全，切勿損壞、圈占或埋壓。
5.愛護消防器材，掌握常用消防器材的使用方法。 6.切勿攜帶易燃易爆物品進入公共場所、乘坐公共交通工具。
7.進入公共場所要注意觀察消防標志，記住疏散方向。 8.在任何情況下都要保持疏散通道暢通。
9.任何人發(fā)現(xiàn)有危及公共消防安全的行為，都可向公安消防部門或值勤公安人員舉報。 10.生活用火要特別小心，火源附近不要放置可燃、易燃物品。
11.發(fā)現(xiàn)煤氣泄漏，速關閥門，打開門窗，切勿觸動電器開關和使用明火。 12.電器線路破舊老化要及時修理更換。
13.電路保險絲（片）熔斷，切勿用銅線鐵線代替。 14.不能超負荷用電。
15.發(fā)現(xiàn)火災速打報警電話 119，消防隊救火不收費。 16.了解火場情況的人，應及時將火場內被圍人員及易燃易爆物品情況告訴消防人員。
17.火災襲來時要迅速疏散逃生，不要貪戀財物。 18.必須穿過濃煙逃生時，應盡量用浸濕的衣物被裹身體，捂住口鼻，貼近地面。
19.身上著火，可就地打滾，或用厚重衣物覆蓋壓滅火苗。 20.大火封門無法逃生時，可用浸濕的被褥、衣物等堵塞門縫、潑水降溫，呼救待援。

關于泰拳的英語說明文

Muay Thai is a combat sport from the muay martial arts of Thailand that uses stand-up striking along with various clinching techniques. This physical and mental discipline which includes combat on shins is known as "the art of eight limbs" because it is characterized by the combined use of fists, elbows, knees, shins , being associated with a good physical preparation that makes a full-contact fighter very efficient. Muay Thai became widespread internationally in the twentieth century, when practitioners defeated notable practitioners of other martial arts. A professional league is governed by the World Muay Thai Council.
Muay boran, and therefore Muay Thai, was originally called by more generic names such as pahuyuth (from the Sanskrit bahu-yuddha meaning unarmed combat), Toi muay or simply muay. As well as being a practical fighting technique for use in actual warfare, muay became a sport in which the opponents fought in front of spectators who went to watch for entertainment. These muay contests gradually became an integral part of local festivals and celebrations, especially those held at temples. Eventually, the previously bare-fisted fighters started wearing lengths of hemp rope around their hands and forearms. This type of match was called muay khat chueak. Kickboxing was also a component of military training and gained prominence during the reign of King Naresuan in 1560 CE.
Muay Thai is referred to as the "Art of Eight Limbs" or the "Science of Eight Limbs", because it makes use of punches, kicks, elbows and knee strikes, thus using eight "points of contact", as opposed to "two points" (fists) in boxing and "four points" (hands and feet) used in other more regulated combat sports, such as kickboxing and savate. A practitioner of muay Thai is known as a nak muay. Western practitioners are sometimes called Nak Muay Farang, meaning "foreign boxer."
King Rama VII (r. 1925–35) pushed for codified rules for muay, and they were put into place. Thailand's first boxing ring was built in 1921 at Suan Kularp. Referees were introduced and rounds were now timed by kick. Fighters at the Lumpinee Kickboxing Stadium began wearing modern gloves, as well as hard groin protectors, during training and in boxing matches against foreigners. Traditional rope-binding (Kaad Chuek) made the hands a hardened, dangerous striking tool. The use of knots in the rope over the knuckles made the strikes more abrasive and damaging for the opponent while protecting the hands of the fighter. This rope-binding was still used in fights between Thais but after the occurrence of a death in the ring, it was decided that fighters should wear gloves and cotton coverlets over the feet and ankles. It was also around this time that the term muay Thai became commonly used while the older form of the style came to be known as muay boran, which is now performed primarily as an exhibition art form.
With the success of muay Thai in the mixed martial arts, it has become the de facto style of choice for competitive stand-up fighters. As a result, western practitioners have incorporated much more powerful hand striking techniques from boxing although some Thai purists accuse them of diluting the art.
In 1993, the International Federation of Muaythai Amateur, or IFMA was inaugurated. It became the governing body of amateur Muay Thai consisting of 128 member countries worldwide and is recognized by Olympic Council of Asia.
In 1995, World Muaythai Council, the oldest and largest professional sanctioning organizations of Muay Thai was set up by the Royal Thai Government and sanctioned by the Sports Authority of Thailand.
In 1995, the World Muay Thai Federation was founded via the merger of two existing organizations, and established in Bangkok. as of August 2012, it had over 70 member countries. Its President is elected at the World Muay Thai Congress.
Today, there are thousands of gyms spread out across the globe.
Formal muay Thai techniques are divided into two groups: mae mai or major techniques and luk mai or minor techniques. Muay Thai is often a fighting art of attrition, where opponents exchange blows with one another. This is certainly the case with traditional stylists in Thailand, but is a less popular form of fighting in the contemporary world fighting circuit where the Thai style of exchanging blow for blow is no longer favorable. Almost all techniques in muay Thai use the entire body movement, rotating the hip with each kick, punch, elbow and block.
Like most competitive full contact fighting sports, muay Thai has a heavy focus on body conditioning. Muay Thai is specifically designed to promote the level of fitness and toughness required for ring competition. Training regimens include many staples of combat sport conditioning such as running, shadowboxing, rope jumping, body weight resistance exercises, medicine ball exercises, abdominal exercises, and in some cases weight training. Thai boxers rely heavily on kicks utilizing the shin bone. As such, practitioners of muay Thai will repeatedly hit a dense heavy bag with their shins, conditioning it, hardening the bone through a process called cortical remodeling.
Training that is specific to a Thai fighter includes training with coaches on Thai Pads, focus mitts, heavy bag, and sparring. The daily training includes many rounds (3–5 minute periods broken up by a short rest, often 1–2 minutes) of these various methods of practice. Thai Pad training is a cornerstone of muay Thai conditioning which involves practicing punches, kicks, knees, and elbow strikes with a trainer wearing thick pads which cover the forearms and hands. These special pads (often referred to as Thai pads) are used to absorb the impact of the fighter’s strikes and allow the fighter to react to the attacks of the pad holder in a live situation. The trainer will often also wear a belly pad around the abdominal area so that the fighter can attack with straight kicks or knees to the body at anytime during the round.
Focus mitts are specific to training a fighter’s hand speed, punch combinations, timing, punching power, defense, and counter-punching and may also be used to practice elbow strikes. Heavy bag training is a conditioning and power exercise that reinforces the techniques practiced on the pads. Sparring is a means to test technique, skills, range, strategy, and timing against a partner. Sparring is often a light to medium contact exercise because competitive fighters on a full schedule are not advised to risk injury by sparring hard. Specific tactics and strategies can be trained with sparring including in close fighting, clinching and kneeing only, cutting off the ring, or using reach and distance to keep an aggressive fighter away.
Due to the rigorous training regimen (some Thai boxers fight almost every other week) professional boxers in Thailand have relatively short careers in the ring. Many retire from competition to begin instructing the next generation of Thai fighters. Most professional Thai boxers come from the lower economic backgrounds, and the fight money (after the other parties get their cut) is sought as means of support for the fighters and their families. Very few higher economic strata Thais join the professional muay Thai ranks; they usually either do not practice the sport or practice it only as amateur muay Thai boxers.