新概念英語第二冊lesson34~36語法及課文重點(diǎn)

新概念英語第二冊lesson34語法及課文重點(diǎn)
重要句型或語法
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
本課的被動(dòng)語態(tài)側(cè)重的是“動(dòng)詞+賓語+to do”的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后的結(jié)構(gòu)“be done to do”。如：They asked me to make a speech. 這句話轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后就是：I was asked to make a speech.
課文主要語言點(diǎn)
Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 1)all week，整周。也可以說all the week。 2)be worried，擔(dān)心、憂慮。Worried為形容詞化的過去分詞。
Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. 1)receive...from…，從某處收到某物。注意receive的拼寫。 2)local，當(dāng)?shù)氐摹?3)police，可數(shù)名詞，警察的總稱。個(gè)體名詞為policewoman或policeman。
In the letter he was asked to call at the station. 1)ask sb. to do sth.，要求某人做某事。注意與ask sb. a question(詢問某人問題)的區(qū)別。此外，此類結(jié)構(gòu)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)之后，to do結(jié)構(gòu)不作任何變化。 2)call at，拜訪。該短語后面只能接地點(diǎn)。
Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. 1)wonder，作為動(dòng)詞，表示想知道，相當(dāng)于want to know。作為名詞，表示奇跡。 2)why he was wanted by the police，作為wondered的賓語從句，所以其語序要采用陳述句語序。 3)注意and連接的并列句，前后采用了不同的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槊枋龅氖遣煌瑫r(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 4)not...anymore，不再。
At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. 1)smiling，面帶微笑的。 2)可提問學(xué)生為什么find要采用過去完成時(shí)(因?yàn)閣as told已經(jīng)是過去的了，自行車被發(fā)現(xiàn)是之前發(fā)生的，即過去的過去)。
Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 1)the policeman told him，用作插入語。 2)pick up，發(fā)現(xiàn)，相當(dāng)于find。pick up還可以表示習(xí)得(語言)、養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣)、用車載。 3)four hundred miles away，四百英里遠(yuǎn)。距離+away，表示距離多遠(yuǎn)。
It is now being sent to his home by train. 1)注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)be done by的進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為：be being done by。 2)be sent to，被送往某地或送給某人。 3)此處的home是指物理意義上的住址。
Dan was most surprise when he heard the news. 1)注意此處的most不是級(jí)，因?yàn)榍懊鏇]有定冠詞，而是副詞，表示很、非常，相當(dāng)于very。 2)注意heard的發(fā)音。
He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. 1)amused，愉快的，覺得好笑的。 2)expect…to do，期望/預(yù)期某人或某物做某事。
It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen! 1)注意steal的過去式和過去分詞形式。 2)a boy of fifteen，十五歲的男孩。注意a boy/girl of+年齡，表示多大的男孩或女孩。
讀寫重點(diǎn)
本課為記敘文，作者在事件的先后鋪墊和承接上，充分利用了各種銜接的手段。比如，第3句以in the letter開頭，一來可以起到承上的作用，因?yàn)榈?句話里提到了a letter，二來又起到了很好的啟下的作用，引出了信件中所寫的內(nèi)容。再比如，第5句以at the station開頭，既承接了第4句里提到的went to the station，又引出了新的信息——在警察局發(fā)生的事情。
其中，最為巧妙的運(yùn)用是第6句中的插入語the policeman told him。因?yàn)樵摼涫Ｓ嗟某煞制鋵?shí)都是told的賓語，但作者卻把主句作為插入語來處理，從而使得原先的賓語從句成了主句，進(jìn)而得到了很好的強(qiáng)調(diào)突出。
新概念英語第二冊lesson35語法及課文重點(diǎn)
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1 A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he has not regretted it.
然而就在前不久，他開上了公共汽車，也并不為此而感到后悔。
(1)a short while ago，不久前的意思
(2)however在句中做插入語，意思為“然而”
(3) regret v. 后悔，常用搭配有：
regret sth. You will regret it. 你會(huì)為此而后悔的
regret to do:很遺憾要去做 regret doing：很遺憾已經(jīng)做 regret that…… 遺憾+從句
I regret to tell you a bad news.
我很遺憾地告訴你一個(gè)壞消息。
I regret telling him the news.
我很遺憾我告訴了你這個(gè)壞消息。
We regret that we are unable to reconsider your case.
我們很遺憾無法再考慮你的情況。
2 He is finding his new work far more exciting.
他發(fā)覺自己的新工作令人興奮得多。
far在本句中是副詞，放在比較級(jí)的形容詞前，表示程度，可以譯作“很”、“大大地”
The problem is far more difficult for me.
這個(gè)問題對我來說太難了。
3 He saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
他看到有兩個(gè)小偷從一家商店里沖出來，奔向等在那里的一輛汽車。
在動(dòng)詞see后面接不定式時(shí)，不定式要省去to，如本句中的rush和run兩個(gè)不定式。
I saw him go down the stairs.
我看見他下樓梯了。
4 The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
拿錢的那個(gè)小偷嚇得把提包都扔了。
句中such……that……的結(jié)構(gòu)有“如此……以至于……”的意思，such后要跟名詞。
He is a such a person that everyone wants to make friends with him.
他是這樣的一個(gè)人，每個(gè)人都想和他交朋友。
5 While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
當(dāng)那輛被撞壞的車開走后，羅伊停下車，給警察掛了電話。
battered adj. 撞壞的 它的構(gòu)成是“動(dòng)詞+ed”，這類的形容詞表示“被……”
damaged:被刮壞了
destroyed car:車子壞了不能修
damaged car:車子壞了能修
battered car:車變形
battered bag:破舊不堪的包
新概念英語第二冊lesson36語法及課文重點(diǎn)
重要句型或語法
將來時(shí)
本課主要復(fù)習(xí)之前學(xué)過的表將來的時(shí)態(tài)和句型，主要有：一般將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和be going to do。如：
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
課文主要語言點(diǎn)
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. 1)注意區(qū)分be going to do(側(cè)重主觀打算或意圖)和will do。注意be going to do不是一般將來時(shí)，是一種表將來的句型。 2)swim across，橫渡。 3)the English Channel，英吉利海峽。這是專有名稱，所以首字母要大寫。channel，海峽、海灣。
She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. 1)set out，出發(fā)。相當(dāng)于set off。 2)coast，海岸。
Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. 1)注意eleven years old中的years old可以省略，但不能說eleven years(十一年，而不是十一歲)。 2)hope to do，希望做某事。 3)set up，創(chuàng)造、建立。 4)a world record，世界紀(jì)錄。注意record作為名詞時(shí)，重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)，但用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)。
She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. 1)a strong swimmer，游泳健將、游泳能手。 2)feel，認(rèn)為、覺得。相當(dāng)于think或believe。 3)be sure to do，肯定會(huì)。 4)succeed，成功。注意如果要表達(dá)成功做成某事，其用法為：succeed in doing sth.。其名詞形式為success。
Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. 1)set out with her，和她一起出發(fā)。with sb.，表示伴隨，意為“與某人一道、一起”。 2)train，訓(xùn)練、馴服。 3)for years，多年。for+一段時(shí)間，是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語。
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. 1)可提問學(xué)生為什么此處的watch要采用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(因?yàn)檎n文要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是Mr. Hart會(huì)一路照看著Debbie)。 2)anxiously，焦慮地、焦急地。源自anxious，其名詞為anxiety。 3)注意“swim+the long distance to+地點(diǎn)”，游過通往某地的長遠(yuǎn)距離。
Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. 1)intend to do sth.，打算、意圖做某事。intend的名詞為intention。 2)take short rests，短暫休息。之所以用復(fù)數(shù)，是因?yàn)镈ebbie中途將不止作一次短暫休息。 3)every two hours，每兩小時(shí)，即每隔一小時(shí)。注意“every+時(shí)間”和“every other+時(shí)間”的區(qū)別?？梢钥紤]用數(shù)學(xué)公式來表達(dá)兩者的區(qū)別，即：every=every other+1。
She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. 1)have something to drink，喝點(diǎn)東西。 2)注意句中的but前加上逗號(hào)。 3)solid food，固體食物。solid，固體?？赏卣挂后w和氣體的表達(dá)，即liquid和gas。
Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. 1)school friend，同學(xué)、校友。 2)可提問學(xué)生為什么本句話要采用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(因?yàn)镈ebbie的同學(xué)們明天都計(jì)劃好一定會(huì)在英國海岸等她)。
Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 1)注意本句話采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，目的是為了凸顯句子的主語Debbie's mother，同時(shí)也是為了確保先行詞Debbie's mother與其非限定性定語從句(who引導(dǎo)的從句)是前后緊鄰的，否則對于讀者來說會(huì)產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。 2)herself在此起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
讀寫重點(diǎn)
本課最后一句話非常值得深究和學(xué)習(xí)：Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 本句話采用了倒裝語序，達(dá)到了多重的表達(dá)目的：
首先，因?yàn)榍耙痪湓捴v到了Debbie's school friends，而本句話以among them開頭，從語篇的話題轉(zhuǎn)換來說，起到了承上啟下的銜接作用，因?yàn)閠hem就是指前面提到的school friends;
其次，采用了倒裝，本句話的主語Debbie's mother就被置于句末，利用了句子尾重的原理，使得該主語得到了強(qiáng)調(diào);
最后，因?yàn)镈ebbie's mother后面還跟有一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，句子倒裝之后，使得先行詞Debbie's mother與其定語從句實(shí)現(xiàn)了前后的緊鄰，從而避免了定語從句如果置于句中所導(dǎo)致的頭重腳輕的問題。

初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解

TENSE 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般將來時(shí) will+V will be +Vpp
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般過去時(shí) ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成時(shí) have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vpp
過去完成時(shí) had+Vpp had+been+Vpp
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was\were+Ving was\were+being+Vpp
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can+V can+be+V
被動(dòng)語態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語成為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的口訣：
一般現(xiàn)、過用be +V.過去分詞，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。
完成時(shí)態(tài)have(has) done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動(dòng)變do為be done。
將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)，shall (will) be doing,
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同，have (has) been doing。
現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be doing, 被動(dòng)be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) is\am\are+P.P(過去分詞)
2.一般過去時(shí) was\were+P.P
3.一般將來時(shí) will be+P.P
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) is\am\are+being(固定不變)+P.P
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was\were+being(固定不變)+P.P
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have\has been+P.P
7.過去完成時(shí) had been+P.P
語法結(jié)構(gòu)
1.if結(jié)構(gòu)（非真實(shí)條件句——表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況）
與..事實(shí)相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現(xiàn)在 Were/did Would* do
將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
"一干二聽三讓四看半幫助”要加to
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現(xiàn)在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
備注
（1）上表中'*'，would都可轉(zhuǎn)換為should、could、might。
（2) 如果為時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜句的話，左右兩欄可互相搭配，排列組合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反] [與過去事實(shí)相反]
(3) if可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [過去]
（=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認(rèn)的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [將來]
(=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[過去]
(=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish結(jié)構(gòu)
與..事實(shí)相反
過去 Had done
現(xiàn)在 Were/did
將來 Would
備注：可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [過去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should結(jié)構(gòu)
從句中用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。而且should可以省去。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋從句
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去形式表示虛擬。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1）It be + 形容詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于該句型的形容詞是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名詞也可以用于 在該結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 過去分詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示“建議、請求、命令”等詞的過去分詞。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（過去式動(dòng)詞形式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有內(nèi)涵的名詞后面的表語從句、同
位語從句中，要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用：should＋原形動(dòng)詞。另外連接從句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
第二句"be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變"即be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。"情助"是指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話，應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。下面詳細(xì)舉例說明之。
一般現(xiàn)、過用be done, be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變
例：1、主動(dòng)：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動(dòng)：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
2、主動(dòng)：People regard him as brilliant.
被動(dòng)：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認(rèn)為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時(shí)態(tài)用be done的例子，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變，第三人稱foreign friends是復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動(dòng)后的"be done"就變成單數(shù)第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
被動(dòng)：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài))
這篇講演是王的發(fā)言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發(fā)生非常嚴(yán)重列車事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實(shí)的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認(rèn)為很聰明但不誠實(shí)。（別人認(rèn)為他很聰明但不誠實(shí)）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個(gè)動(dòng)物園是1874年建立的。
The information is urgently needed. 急需這個(gè)資料。
完成時(shí)態(tài)have done，被動(dòng)將been加中間。
(過去完成時(shí)had done也包括在內(nèi))。
例：1、主動(dòng)：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被動(dòng)：English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變?yōu)閔as)
我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地學(xué)了三年英語了。
2、主動(dòng): They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動(dòng): 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺(tái)拖拉機(jī)。
3、主動(dòng)：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動(dòng)：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。
4、主動(dòng)：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動(dòng)：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
5、主動(dòng)：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動(dòng): Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主動(dòng)：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被動(dòng)：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已用來發(fā)電。 7、主動(dòng)：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動(dòng)：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就網(wǎng)球來說還沒有人是他的對手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講)
主動(dòng): Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動(dòng): My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動(dòng)：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當(dāng)我回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問他們?yōu)槭裁催@么干。他們告訴我說因?yàn)槲野衍囉谕Ｔ?禁止停車"的禁區(qū)。
主動(dòng)：They had build three ships by last December. 被動(dòng)： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進(jìn)天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗(yàn)過沒有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料發(fā)明之后，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動(dòng)變do為be done
即由shall do或will do變?yōu)閟hall done或will be done。
例：主動(dòng): We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被動(dòng)：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
過年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。
(shall do中的shall要隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill, do為be done.)
主動(dòng)：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動(dòng)：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。 主動(dòng)：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold. 被動(dòng)：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers. "鉛磚"外面被設(shè)法騙錢的商人和騙子們鍍上一層金來做這樣的"金磚"。
主動(dòng)：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被動(dòng): You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他們將問你許多怪題。
被動(dòng)句中的by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當(dāng)今英語也都可省略了。
主動(dòng)：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被動(dòng)：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中國人民在將來將進(jìn)行更多的空間探索。
同樣
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤氣嗎?
但如果是一般過去將來時(shí)如何處理呢？請記下面口訣：
一般過去將來時(shí)，過去某時(shí)將發(fā)生。
主動(dòng)should (would) do，被動(dòng)be done代原形。
將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同。
主動(dòng)：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被動(dòng)：...whether the new plan would be carriedout ahead of time. 幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否提前執(zhí)行新的計(jì)劃。
主動(dòng)：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被動(dòng)：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并沒說過，我們將換掉那臺(tái)設(shè)備。
將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)，shall (will) be doing,
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同．have (has) been doing,
即將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在將來某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行'現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某-行為發(fā)生在過去．延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去。兩種時(shí)態(tài)則不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (將來進(jìn)行時(shí)) 我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這臺(tái)設(shè)備。
In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (將來進(jìn)行時(shí)) 幾分鐘后我們的客機(jī)將在同溫層中飛行。
現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be doing，被動(dòng)be加being done
即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都是be的人稱、時(shí)和數(shù)的形式加doing。而被動(dòng)態(tài)則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)是被動(dòng)態(tài)個(gè)的重點(diǎn)，容易搞錯(cuò)。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如： 主動(dòng): We must keep this in mind. 被動(dòng)：This must be kept in mind.
我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。
主動(dòng)：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被動(dòng)：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我們可以把電冰箱放在那個(gè)地方。
主動(dòng)：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被動(dòng)：The washing machine will not be used again.
我們不能再用那臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)了。 原來的謂語shall use被動(dòng)態(tài)中隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill．
主動(dòng): We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被動(dòng): More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall變will)
我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。
再如： 主動(dòng)：We shall have to adopt a different attitude. 被動(dòng)：A different attitude will have to be adopted. 我們將不得不采取另一種態(tài)度.
主動(dòng)：You are to leave the bag here. 被動(dòng): The bag is to be left here. (are to隨新主語變?yōu)閕s to) 你應(yīng)把包裹放在這兒。
主動(dòng)：They used to start these engines by hand. 被動(dòng)：These engines used to be started by hand. 過去他們用手啟動(dòng)馬達(dá)。
主動(dòng): We are going to paint the wall green. 被動(dòng)：The all is going to be painted green. 我們打算把墻刷成綠色。 主動(dòng)：You needn't type this letter. 被動(dòng)：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不變助動(dòng)詞) 你不必把這封信打字。
主動(dòng)：You should have taken those books back to the library.
被動(dòng)：Those books should have been taken back to the library.
你本該把這些書帶回圖書館去。 主動(dòng)：They may have left it in the sun. 被動(dòng)：It may have been left in the sun. 他們可能已把它放在陽光下了。
may加不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，決不能用于疑問句。而can與不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體連用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的過去式即could與might與不定式完成體或完成進(jìn)行體搭配時(shí)，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？?，否，陳，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在郵局丟失的吧：(反意疑問句)
否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前
在否定句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，否定副詞not-定加在第一助動(dòng)詞之后，不放在別的助動(dòng)詞之后。同樣在疑問句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。
例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必須放在第一助動(dòng)詞has之后，第-助動(dòng)詞has必須放在主語anything之前。決不可寫成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike? 為什么不采取些措施來結(jié)束罷工呢? The exercises will not be done in class. 不可寫成：The exercise will be not done in class. 我們將不在課堂上作練習(xí)。 Why had he been imprisoned? 他為何入獄的?
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前 凡主語恰好是一個(gè)疑問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時(shí)，后面要用陳述語序。
What measures(主語) are being taken to develop this new science? (主語為疑問詞what所修飾)
正在采取什么措施來發(fā)展這門新科學(xué)?
What kind of device(主語) is needed to make the control system simple? (主語為疑問詞所修飾) 需要什么裝置來使控制系統(tǒng)簡化? what has been done to improve the techniques? 采取了什么措施來改進(jìn)這些技術(shù)的? (what恰是句子的主語) 應(yīng)指出的是有的學(xué)生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行變成被動(dòng)了, 殊不知不及物動(dòng)詞通常是沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)的。關(guān)于不及物動(dòng)詞．反身代詞動(dòng)詞，同源賓語動(dòng)詞．系詞．感官使役動(dòng)詞，短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：
1.把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語
2.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3.原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。 4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English．（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）
English is spoken by many people．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
1．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
由于不及物動(dòng)詞不能帶賓語，故無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其基本構(gòu)成方式是“助動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”。
注意：“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，有些動(dòng)詞（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，用作表語表示狀態(tài)。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行車壞了。）
The door is open．（門開了。）
2．主動(dòng)語態(tài)改被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
1）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個(gè)方面：①將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；②將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞改為“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后（有時(shí)可省略）。
2）含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：①把間接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原位；②把直接賓語改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，此時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to或 for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中作主語補(bǔ)足語。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短語動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可遺漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有賓語從句的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常用it作為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，從句放在句子后面；也可采用另一種形式?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)中介詞by后的賓語改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語（或按題意要求確定主語），按照這個(gè)主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來的時(shí)態(tài)把謂語動(dòng)詞形式由被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有的動(dòng)詞要求不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此時(shí)要把被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的to去掉。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語用來作主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語。如：
History is made by the people．?The people make history．
4．不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況
1）某些表示“靜態(tài)”的及物動(dòng)詞（表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作，而且常常是不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）如have，fit，suit，hold（容納），cost， suffer，last（持續(xù)）等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
They have a nice car．他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合適。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。
How much ／What does it cost？這值多少錢？
Our holiday lasts 10days．我們的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．這食物足夠（他們）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有帶介詞的動(dòng)詞都能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。若是構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞通常有被動(dòng)態(tài)，若不構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞則無被動(dòng)態(tài)。試比較：
They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他們作出了決定。
They arrived at the station．他們到達(dá)車站。（不說：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他調(diào)查了這個(gè)問題。
3）動(dòng)詞leave（離開），enter（進(jìn)入），join（參加）不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．車子離開了道路，撞上了樹。
4）某些及物動(dòng)詞可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，特別是后加副詞（如well， easily等）時(shí)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)有被動(dòng)含義，這類動(dòng)詞常見的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小說很暢銷。The cloth washes well．這布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．這種材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戲劇不會(huì)上演。
The window won't shut．這窗關(guān)不上。The door won't open．這門打不開。
The door won't lock．這門鎖不上。This poem reads well．這首詩讀來很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞演變而來的系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告訴我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看來很不高興———怎么回事兒？
The soup tastes wonderful．這湯味道好極了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好聞極了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）賓語是不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇見她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜歡看他的女兒。
7）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在霧中我們彼此幾乎看不見。
8）賓語是同源賓語時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
They live a happy life．他們過著幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了個(gè)甜美的夢。
9）賓語帶有與主語有照應(yīng)關(guān)系的物主代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄斷了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩搖了搖頭。
5．某些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式常用來表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．這種收音機(jī)不太暢銷。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．這個(gè)商店八點(diǎn)開門。
The pipe does not draw well．這煙斗不太通暢。
These plays act wonderfully．這些劇演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凱特的這本書讀起來像本有趣的小說。
注意：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。如：
The door won't lock．門鎖不上。（指門本身有毛?。?br>The door won't be locked．門不會(huì)被鎖上。（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門）
His novels sell easily．他的小說銷路好。（指小說本身內(nèi)容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小說容易銷售。（主要強(qiáng)調(diào)外界對小說的需求量大）
6．某些動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）這本畫冊很值得一讀。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）這個(gè)計(jì)劃不值得考慮。
3）某些動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
a．當(dāng)nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語，而句子的主語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日語并不難學(xué)。（指日語被學(xué)）
The water is unfit to drink．這水不適合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．這首音樂聽起來很悅耳。（指音樂被聽）
This book is easy to read．這本書讀起來很容易。（指書被讀）
b．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三個(gè)孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，其含義有所區(qū)別。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)式，其含義沒有什么區(qū)別。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介詞for，on，above，under等構(gòu)成的短語有時(shí)可以表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油畫作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意義的連系動(dòng)詞如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
How nice the music sounds！這音樂聽起來多悅耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良藥苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我們學(xué)?？瓷先ケ纫郧案亮?。

各位 懂英語的進(jìn)來告訴我 教我主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別 舉一些例子。

英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English．（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）
English is spoken by many people．（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
1．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
由于不及物動(dòng)詞不能帶賓語，故無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其基本構(gòu)成方式是“助動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”。
注意：“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，有些動(dòng)詞（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，用作表語表示狀態(tài)。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行車壞了。）
The door is open．（門開了。）
2．主動(dòng)語態(tài)改被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
1）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個(gè)方面：①將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；②將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞改為“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后（有時(shí)可省略）。
2）含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：①把間接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原位；②把直接賓語改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，此時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to或 for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中作主語補(bǔ)足語。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短語動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可遺漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有賓語從句的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常用it作為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，從句放在句子后面；也可采用另一種形式?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)中介詞by后的賓語改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語（或按題意要求確定主語），按照這個(gè)主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來的時(shí)態(tài)把謂語動(dòng)詞形式由被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有的動(dòng)詞要求不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此時(shí)要把被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的to去掉。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語用來作主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語。如：
History is made by the people．?The people make history．
4．不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況
1）某些表示“靜態(tài)”的及物動(dòng)詞（表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作，而且常常是不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）如have，fit，suit，hold（容納），cost， suffer，last（持續(xù)）等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
They have a nice car．他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合適。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。
How much ／What does it cost？這值多少錢？
Our holiday lasts 10days．我們的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．這食物足夠（他們）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有帶介詞的動(dòng)詞都能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。若是構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞通常有被動(dòng)態(tài)，若不構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞則無被動(dòng)態(tài)。試比較：
They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他們作出了決定。
They arrived at the station．他們到達(dá)車站。（不說：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他調(diào)查了這個(gè)問題。
3）動(dòng)詞leave（離開），enter（進(jìn)入），join（參加）不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．車子離開了道路，撞上了樹。
4）某些及物動(dòng)詞可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，特別是后加副詞（如well， easily等）時(shí)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)有被動(dòng)含義，這類動(dòng)詞常見的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小說很暢銷。The cloth washes well．這布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．這種材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戲劇不會(huì)上演。
The window won't shut．這窗關(guān)不上。The door won't open．這門打不開。
The door won't lock．這門鎖不上。This poem reads well．這首詩讀來很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞演變而來的系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告訴我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看來很不高興———怎么回事兒？
The soup tastes wonderful．這湯味道好極了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好聞極了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）賓語是不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇見她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜歡看他的女兒。
7）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在霧中我們彼此幾乎看不見。
8）賓語是同源賓語時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
They live a happy life．他們過著幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了個(gè)甜美的夢。
9）賓語帶有與主語有照應(yīng)關(guān)系的物主代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄斷了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩搖了搖頭。
5．某些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式常用來表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．這種收音機(jī)不太暢銷。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．這個(gè)商店八點(diǎn)開門。
The pipe does not draw well．這煙斗不太通暢。
These plays act wonderfully．這些劇演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凱特的這本書讀起來像本有趣的小說。
注意：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。如：
The door won't lock．門鎖不上。（指門本身有毛?。?br>The door won't be locked．門不會(huì)被鎖上。（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門）
His novels sell easily．他的小說銷路好。（指小說本身內(nèi)容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小說容易銷售。（主要強(qiáng)調(diào)外界對小說的需求量大）
6．某些動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）這本畫冊很值得一讀。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）這個(gè)計(jì)劃不值得考慮。
3）某些動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
a．當(dāng)nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語，而句子的主語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日語并不難學(xué)。（指日語被學(xué)）
The water is unfit to drink．這水不適合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．這首音樂聽起來很悅耳。（指音樂被聽）
This book is easy to read．這本書讀起來很容易。（指書被讀）
b．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三個(gè)孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，其含義有所區(qū)別。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)式，其含義沒有什么區(qū)別。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介詞for，on，above，under等構(gòu)成的短語有時(shí)可以表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油畫作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意義的連系動(dòng)詞如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如：
How nice the music sounds！這音樂聽起來多悅耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良藥苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我們學(xué)?？瓷先ケ纫郧案亮?。